Immigration+and+Urbanization+Project+PatG.BrandonC.TylerC.

Thomas Nast Thomas Nast was a famous German-American cartoonist who was considered to be the ”Father of the American Cartoon.” He was born on September 27, 1840. Nast drew for Harper’s Weekly from 1859 to 1860 and from 1862 until 1886. His first major works in cartoon was the "Peace," (made in 1862) directed against those in the North who opposed the prosecution of the American Civil War. This and his other cartoons during the Civil War and Reconstruction days were published in //Harper's Weekly//. Nast's drawings were instrumental in the downfall of Boss Tweed, who so feared Nast's campaign that an emissary was sent to offer Thomas Nast a $500,000 bribe to "drop this Ring business" and take a trip abroad. In general, his political cartoons supported American Indians, Chinese Americans and advocated abolition of slavery. Nast also dealt with segregation and the violence of the Ku Klux Klan, which was detailed in one of his more famous cartoons called "Worse than Slavery", which showed a black family with their house being destroyed and a Ku Klux Klan member shaking hands with a White League member. Thomas Nast is also responsible for the political symbols like the Republican Party elephant, Democratic Part donkey, and the Tammany Hall tiger. Tammany Hall

Tammany Hall (Founded May 12, 1789 as the Tammany Society, and also known as the Society of St. Tammany , the Sons of St. Tammany , or the Columbian Order ), was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics and helping immigrants (most notably the Irish) rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. The society expanded its political control even further by earning the loyalty of the city’s ever expanding immigrant community, which functioned as a base of political capitals. The Tammany Hall “ward boss” (“wards were the city’s smallest political untis from 1686-1938) served as the local vote gatherer and provider of patronage. Tammany Hall’s power was mainly based on immigrant support. Tammany would give immigrants political support in turn for patronage. Tammany Hall also served as an engine for graft and political corruption, perhaps most infamously under William M. “Boss” Tweed in the mid-1800’s. Tammany would give gifts to their worker and in exchange, tell the workers to vote for the politicians that were supported by Tammany.

Ellis Island was an inspection center for newly arrived immigrants from 1892 to 1954. It was used as an inspection center due to immigration. Immigration began when immigrants from Europe arrived at Ellis Island. Ellis Island was opened for newly arriving immigrants on January 1st, 1892. Before it closed on November 12, 1954 Ellis Island had more 12 million immigrants had been inspected. 1907 was the peak year at Ellis Island with1,004,756 immigrants processed. In 1924 mass processing of immigrants ended after the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted immigration. After that Ellis Island was used mainly as a detention and deportation processing center. That’s what it was used for until 1954.
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The Five Points __** The Five Points was a slum located on the intersection of Anthony, Orange, and Cross, on Manhattan Island, New York City. The Five Points is said to have the highest murder rate of any slum in the world. In one tenement house called The Old Brewery, it is said that an average of one murder a night for 15 years. The Five Points was dominated by gangs like the Roach Guards, Dead Rabbits, and Bowery Boys. In 1862 about 87,072, or 10% of the city were arrested. The Five Points recruited members from the toughest gangs in the city. Mobsters include Paul Kelly and Frankie Yale. Recruits included Charles Luciano, and Al Capone.  __ Tenement Housing in New York __ Tenement houses in New York City were dirty and unsanitary. But these tenement houses were also very cheap which were ideal for new immigrants to settle in and start up a new life in. There were many problems with the tenement houses. 1.  They smelt terrible because of the improper sewage 2.  Tenement houses were prime spots for fires. Small fires would culminate to even larger ones because there was very little fire protection at the time in New York. 3.  Tenement houses were very tight and it was hard for people to live in. 4.  The rooms were uncomfortable and many rodents and insects were a lot of the time problems in some of the tenements.

__ William “Boss” Tweed __ William Marcy Tweed Jr. , known as "Boss Tweed," was an American most famous for leading Tammany Hall. At his peak, Tweed was the third-largest landowner in NYC, a director of the Erie Railway, the 10th National Bank, and the New-York Printing Company. Tweed was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1852. Tweed took part in one of the biggest government money scandals ever. Tweed was convicted for stealing between 40 million and 200 million dollars. That is the equivalent to 1.5-8 billion dollars today.